Challenging Japanese three syllable verbs - a + su

Now we will try Japanese three syllable verbs, which are more challenging than ＜Playing with Japanese two syllable verbs＞simply because the number of combinations, more precisely permutations, will be multiplied. I hope we may be able to use the results of ＜Playing with Japanese two syllable verbs＞.

We have already encountered and checked some three syllable verbs in ＜Playing with Japanese two syllable verbs＞ with verb ending of  -mu

The <-mu> ending  verbs are not so many as below. But the three syllable verbs derived from the <-mu> ending  verbs are quite many, or perplexingly many or and seemed complicated. I will reeat them with some modifications for the purpose of understanding and ease for memorizing.

The verbs in italic are old forms, from which the modern forms have derived, and some of which are still used now without noticing them as old usage.

a-mu,  ka-mu,  sa-mu,   ta-mu,   na-mu,  ha-mu,  ma-mu,  ya-mu,  ra-mu,  wa-mu

i-mu,  ki-mu,   shi-mu,  chi-mu,   ni-mu,  hi-mu,   mi-mu,  (i-mu),  ri-mu, ---

u-mu,  ku-mu,  su-mu,  tsu-mu,  nu-mu,  hu-mu,  mu-mu,  yu-mu,  ru-mu, ---

e-mu,  ke-mu,   se-mu,   te-mu,     ne-mu,  he-mu,   me-mu,  ye-mu,  re-mu, ---

o-mu,  ko-mu,  so-mu,  to-mu,   no-mu,  ho-mu,  mo-mu,  yo-mu,  ro-mu, ---


a-mu (あむ、編む)  - to knit, to weave
i-mu  (いむ、忌む)  - to avoid (bad omen)
u-mu  (うむ、生む)  - to give birth, to produce
u-mu  (うむ、1) 倦む、2) 膿む)  - 1) to get tired, 2) to fester (to wound)
e-mu (えむ、笑む)   - to smile (old usage)    
ka-mu  (かむ、咬む)  - to bite
ka-mu  (かむ、鼻をかむ)  - to blow (one's nose)
ki-mu  (きむ、決む)  - --> modern form  <ki-me-ru> (きめる）to decide
ku-mu (くむ、組む)  - to make a pair, to construct
ku-mu  (くむ、汲む)  - to scoop (liquid)
ko-mu  (こむ、込む、混む)  - to fill up; to get crowded
sa-mu (さむ) --> modern form <sa-me-ru> (さめる）- to become cold (food)
shi-mu  --> modern form <shi-mi-ru> (しみる)    shi-mi (しみ、染み、滲み)－stain (noun)
su-mu  (すむ、1) 住む、2) 済む、3) 澄む)  - 1) to live (in a house, apartment); 2) to be finished; 3) to become clear
se-mu  --> modern formｓ1) <se-me-ru> (せめる、1) 攻める，2) 責める、3) 迫める) - 1) to attack, 2) to blame, 3) to threaten (transitive verb) -  <se-ma-ru> (せまる、迫る) - to  reach a place to attack or threaten (intransitive verb)
so-mu   --> modern forms 1) <so-me-ru> (そめる、染める) - to dye (transitive verb), 2) <so-ma-ru> (そまる、染まる) to get dyed (intransitive verb)
ta-mu  --> modern forms 1) <ta-me-ru> (ためる、貯める) - to save (money), to pile st up (transitive verb), 2) <ta-ma-ru> (たまる、貯まる) - - to be saved (money), to pile up (intransitive verb)
ta-mu  --> modern forms 1) <ta-me-ru> (ためる、矯める) - to correct, to straighten (transitive verb)
tsu-mu --> modern forms 1) ＜tsu-me-ru> (つめる、詰める) - to put some stuff to (transitive verb), 2)＜tsu-ma-ru> (つまる、詰まる) -- to get congested (intransitive verb)
tsu-mu  (つむ、1) 積む、摘む)  - 1) to pile st up, to pack up, 2) to pluck (transitive verb)
to-mu  (とむ、富む)  - to become rich
ｎa-mu  --> modern form <na-me-ru> (なめる） - to lick
no-mu  (のむ、飲む)  - to drink
ha-mu  (はむ、食む)  - to eat (old usage)
ha-mu  --> modern forms 1) ＜ha-me-ru> (はめる、嵌める) to mach st to st (mostly physically, transitive verb), 2) ＜ha-ma-ru> (はまる、嵌まる)- st to be matched to st (intransitive verb)
hu-mu (ふむ、踏む)  - to step on, to tread on
ho-mu　--> modern forms 1) <ho-me-ru> (ほめる、褒める) - parise
mo-mu (もむ、揉む)  - to move a hand or hands to make something soften
ya-mu  (やむ、病む)  - to become sick     <ya-me-ru > (やめる、ya-me-ru) - being sick (adjective)
ya-mu  (やむ、止む)  - to stop, to cease  (intransitive verb)    <ya-me-ru> (やめる、1) 止める、辞める) - 1) to stop, to cease  (intransitive verb), 2) to resign (intransitive verb)
yo-mu  (よむ、読む)  - to read (transitive verb)


1) The modern forms are three syllable verbs.

The above Japanese and English seem rather complicated.  This is because I have added possible old forms and shown in italic, some of which are still used now without noticing them as old usage. As far as the modern uses are concerned the possible combination are not too many not too few or relatively many and especially in the <a>, <o>and <u> rows by following the general rule. You can find the modern forms easily by seeing only the bold typed verbs. The old verbs have changed but in a very regular way. This has brought me an grammatical interest so I will explain this more below.

I use the differentiation of Transitive verb and Intransitive verb for this group for more systematic understanding. Please note again <the Japanese verbs are used in fairy different grammatical structured from English. Some verbs are regarded as used as transitive verb and some are regarded used as intransitive verb but the differences are not so distinctive as English>.

a) Modern Transitive verbs

a-mu (あむ、編む)  - to knit, to weave
i-mu  (いむ、忌む)  - to avoid (bad omen)
u-mu  (うむ、生む)  - to give birth, to produce
ka-mu  (かむ、咬む)  - to bite
ka-mu  (かむ、鼻をかむ)  - to blow (one's nose)
ku-mu (くむ、組む)  - to make a pair, to construct
ku-mu  (くむ、汲む)  - to scoop (water)
tsu-mu (つむ、積む、摘む)  - to pile up, to pack up, to pluck
no-mu  (のむ、飲む)  - to drink
ha-mu (はむ、食む)  - to eat (old usage)
hu-mu (ふむ、踏む)  - to step on, to tread on
mo-mu (もむ、揉む)  - to move a hand or hands to make something soften
ya-mu  (やむ、病む)  - to become sick  (Intransitive verb as well)
yo-mu  (よむ、読む)  - to read

i) to change <u> to <e> and + <ru>

a-mu  (あむ、編む)-->  a-me-ru  (あめる、編める)　  - to be able to knit, to be able to weave
or to be knit-able, to be weav-able
 
i-mu  (いむ、忌む) -->  i-me-ru  (いめる、忌める)　 - to be able to avoid (bad omen)  or to be avoid-able

u-mu  (うむ、生む) -->  u-me-ru  (うめる、生める)　 - to be able to give birth, to be able to produce or
to be give-birth-able,  to be produce-able

ka-mu  (かむ、咬む) -->  ka-me-ru  (かめる、咬める)　 - to be able to bite or to be bite-able
 
ka-mu  (かむ、鼻をかむ) -->  ka-me-ru  (かめる、鼻をかめる) - to be able to to blow (one's nose) or to be blow-able

ku-mu  (くむ、組む) -->  ku-me-ru   (くめる、組める)　 - to be able to make a pair, to be able to construct or to be make a pair-able, to be construct-able 

ku-mu  (くむ、汲む) -->  ku-me-ru (くめる、汲める)　 - to be able to scoop (water)  or to be scoop-able


tsu-mu  (つむ、積む、摘む) -->  tsu-me-ru  (つめる、積める、摘める)　- to be able to pile up, to be able to pack up, to be able to pluck or  be pile-up-able,  to be pack-up-able, to be pluckable

no-mu  (のむ、飲む) -->  no-me-ru (のめる、飲める) - to be able to drink or to be drink-able

ha-mu  (はむ、食む) -->  ha-me-ru (はめる、食める)　- to be able to eat (old usage) or to be eat-able

hu-mu  (ふむ、踏む) -->  hu-me-ru (ふめる、踏める)  - to be able to step on, to be able to tread on or
to be step-on-able, to be tread-on-able

mo-mu  (もむ、揉む) -->  mo-me-ru  (もめる、揉める) - to be able to move a hand or hands to make something soften or to be (a hand or hands) move-able

ya-mu (やむ、病む) -->  ya-me-ru (やめる、病める)　- to be able to become sick  (Intransitive verb as well) (*) or to be sicken-able (*)

yo-mu  (よむ、読む) -->  yo-me-ru  (よめる、読める)　  - to be able to read or to be readable

Except <ya-mu> the change of the meaning of all these verbs are the same - to be able to xxxx or to be xxxx-able.  <able> means usually <ability>  or  in some cases <probability>.


ii) to change <u> to <a> and + <ru>

a-mu  (あむ、編む)-->  a-ma-ru  (あまる)　
i-mu  (いむ、忌む) -->  i-ma-ru  (いまる)　
ka-mu  (かむ、咬む) -->  ka-ma-ru  (かまる)
ka-mu  (かむ、鼻をかむ) -->  ka-ma-ru  (かまる)
ku-mu  (くむ、組む) -->  ku-ma-ru   (くまる)　
ku-mu  (くむ、汲む) -->  ku-ma-ru (くまる)　

tsu-mu  (つむ、積む、摘む) -->  tsu-ma-ru  (つまる）
no-mu  (のむ、飲む) -->  no-ma-ru (のまる)
ha-mu  (はむ、食む) -->  ha-ma-ru (はまる)
hu-mu  (ふむ、踏む) -->  hu-ma-ru (ふまる)
mo-mu  (もむ、揉む) -->  mo-me-ru  (もまる)
ya-mu (やむ、病む) -->  ya-ma-ru (やまる)　
yo-mu  (よむ、読む) -->  yo-ma-ru  (よまる)　


In contrast to i) to change <u> to <e> and + <ru> all of them do not make sense when referring to the original meanings and most of them do not make sense at all in the modern Japanese. This is very grammatical phenomenon.
Some of them do make sense but in different meaning from the original meaning.

a-mu  (あむ、編む)-->  a-ma-ru  (あまる、余る) - means to excess, to be excessive, be more than the requirement, to be left over.

tsu-mu  (つむ、積む、摘む) -->  tsu-ma-ru  (つまる） - means to congest, to be congested, to face the dead-end

ha-mu  (はむ、食む) -->  ha-ma-ru (はまる) - means to xxxx

ya-mu (やむ、病む) -->  ya-ma-ru (やまる)　- means to cease, to stop


b) Modern Intransitive verbs

u-mu  (うむ、1) 倦む、2) 膿む)  - 1) to get tired, 2) to fester (to wound)
u-mu  (うむ、生む)  - to give birth to
e-mu (えむ、笑む)   - to smile (old usage)  
ko-mu  (こむ、込む、混む)  - to fill up; to get crowded
su-mu  (すむ、１)住む、２）済む、３）澄む)  - 1) to live (in a house, apartment); 2) to finish, to be finished; 3）to become clear
to-mu  (とむ、富む)  - to be rich in 
ya-mu  (やむ、病む)  - to become sick (Transitive verb as well)
ya-mu  (やむ、止む)  - to stop, to cease


i) to change <u> to <e> and + <ru>

u-mu  (うむ、1) 倦む、2) 膿む) -->  u-me-ru (うめる)　 - seldom used
e-mu (えむ、笑む)  --> e-me-ru  (えめる)　- does not exist
ko-mu  (こむ、込む、混む) -->  ko-me-ru  (こめる)　- to pack st in (to) - transitive verb
su-mu  (すむ、1) 住む、2) 済む、3) 澄む) -->  su-me-ru  (すめる)　- 1) 住める - to be able to live, to be habitable , 2) 済める (this verb does not exist), 3) 澄める - also to to be clean (adjective)  but seldom sued
to-mu  (とむ、富む)  -->  to-me-ru  (とめる、富める)　 - also to be rich in (adjective)
ya-mu  (やむ、病む)  -->  ya-me-ru  (やめる)　- to be suffering (adjective)
ya-mu  (やむ、止む)  -->  ya-me-ru  (やめる) - to stop (transitive verb)

ii) to change <u> to <a> and + <ru>

u-mu  (うむ、1) 倦む、2) 膿む) -->  u-ma-ru  (うまる)　 - seldom used
e-mu (えむ、笑む)  --> e-mm-ru  (えまる)　- does not exist
ko-mu  (こむ、込む、混む) -->  ko-ma-ru  (こまる)　- seldom used in this sense
su-mu  (すむ、住む、済む、澄む) -->  su-ma-ru  (すまる)　-  seldom used in these senses
to-mu  (とむ、富む)  -->  to-ma-ru  (とまる)　- seldom used in this sense
ya-mu  (やむ、病む)  -->  ya-ma-ru  (やまる)　- does not exist
ya-mu  (やむ、止む)  -->  ya-ma-ru  (やまる)　- also to stop (intransitive) but seldom used in this sense
　

c) old Transitive verbs

i) to change <u> to <e> and + <ru>

ki-mu  --> ki-me-ru, which is the modern form,   (きめる）to decide
se-mu  --> se-me-ru , which is the modern form (せめる、1) 攻める to attack，2) 責める、3) 迫める) - 1) to attack, 2) to blame, 3) to threaten.
so-mu  --> so-me-ru, which is the modern form (そめる、染める) to dye
ta-mu  --> ta-me-ru, which is the modern form (ためる、貯める)　to save (money)
ta-mu  --> ta-me-ru, which is the modern form (ためる、矯める) - to correct, to straighten
tsu-mu --> tsu-me-ru, which is the modern form (つめる、詰める) to pack
ｎa-mu  --> na-me-ru, which is the modern form (なめる） - to lick 
ha-mu  --> ha-me-ru, which is the modern form (はめる、嵌める) - to mach st to st
ho-mu　--> ho-me-ru , which is the modern form (ほめる、褒める) to praise

ii) to change <u> to <a> and + <ru>

ki-mu  --> ki-ma-ru  (きまる、決まる) - to decide, to be decided (intransitive)
se-mu  --> se-ma-ru (せまる、1) 攻まる，2) 責まる、3) 迫まる)　- a) and b) and are not commonly used. c) to threaten. (transitive and intransitive)
so-mu  --> so-ma-ru (そまる、染まる) - to be dyed (intransitive)
ta-mu  --> ta-ma-ru  (たまる、貯まる) - to be saved (money)  (intransitive), to pile up (intransitive)
ta-mu  --> ta-ma-ru  (たまる、矯まる) - to be corrected, to be straightened (intransitive) - very seldom used
tsu-mu --> tsu-ma-ru  (つまる、詰まる) - to be packed, to be congested (intransitive)
ｎa-mu  --> na-ma-ru  (なまる）- to become dialect (language) (intransitive)
ha-mu  --> ha-ma-ru  (はまる、嵌まる) - - to be matched (intransitive)
ho-mu　--> ho-ma-ru (ほまる) - seldom used (intransitive)


d) Old Intransitive verbs

None (so far found in this group)

-----

Now, besides -ma-ru and - me-ru, we have common word endings showing <passive> and <active>. The word common means that these word endings showing <passive> and <active> to all verbs - either transitive and intransitive. The may sound strange but applicable in Japanese. Plus these word endings showing <passive> and <active> usually take one syllable (sometimes two syllables and may take three or more syllable). Here we look at only one syllable word ending so that the two syllable original word + one syllable word ending become three syllable words. The three syllable words sometimes can be regarded as independent verbs rather than regarded as the <passive> or <active> form of the original verbs.

We start with  <active> verbs. We here again use the results of ＜Playing with Japanese two syllable verbs＞. Here thr active means:

1. to make somebody do something
2. to let somebody do something
3. to ask somebody to do something
4. to force, to order somebody to do something

one syllable word ending for <active> is <-su> . <-su> ending is applicable to almost conmon two two syllable verbs but not applicable to some special verbs like

a-ru  (ある、在る、有る)  - to be(non human), to exist
 a-ra-su  (あらす、在らす、有らす)  - to make (let) sb/st be(non human), to make (let) sb/st exist.
 a-ra-su  (あらす、在らす、有らす) can be used in only some special cases.

or the original verb has already some meaning of <active> like

yo-bu (よぶ、呼ぶ) - to invite
yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) - to make (let) sb/st to invite. As <yo-bu (よぶ、呼ぶ)  - to invite> has already a meaning - to ask sb/st to come, <to make (let) sb/st to ask sb/st to come> is strange or does not make sense. So yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) in this sense has almost the same meaning of yo-bu (よぶ、呼ぶ) - to invite. However in case of <to make Mr A to ask Mr B to come> yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) can be posiible.

One more important thing is the conjugation of the original two syllable verb. The conjugation is very simple and systematic. So you can make, generally, a <active> form of any two syllable verb very easily. You can see this below.

One more important thing is that beside <-su> ending, there are some other endings showing <active> but not one syllable ending so we do not works with the two or more syllable <active> endings.

some other endings showing <active> with accompanied with the conjugation of the original verb..

-sa-su (さす)

-se-ru　 (せる)

-sa-se-ru　 (させる)

-shi-me-ru (しめる)　－　mostly in written form but not always　ー(old form is -shi-mu (しむ)　


Let's start now.


1.  ending <vowel u>

-u

a-u, ka-u,  sa-u,   ta-u,   na-u,  ha-u,  ma-u,  ya-u,  ra-u,  wa-u

i-u,  ki-u,   shi-u,  chi-u,  ni-u,    hi-u,   mi-u,  ( i-u),  ri-u, ---

u-u,  ku-u,  su-u,  tsu-u,  nu-u,  hu-u,  mu-u,  yu-u,  ru-u, ---

e-u,  ke-u,  se-u,   te-u,    ne-u,  he-u,  me-u,   ye-u,  re-u, ---

o-u,  ko-u,  so-u,  to-u,   no-u,  ho-u,  mo-u,  yo-u, ro-u, ---


a-u   (あう、1) 会う、2) 合う) - 1) to meet (with), 2) to match with
i-u    (いう、言う) - to say

o-u　(おう、1) 追う、2) 負う) - 1) to follow, 2) to bear (be responsible for)
ka-u  (かう、飼う） - to feed (an animal)
ka-u  (かう、買う） - to buy
ku-u  (くう、食う) - to eat (vulgar), the polite form is <ta-be-ru> (たべる、食る）.

ko-u  (こう、1) 乞う、2) 請う) - 1) to beg, 2 )to ask for

su-u  (すう、吸う) - to swallow, to absorb, to take (a breath)
so-u  (そう、1) 沿う、2) 添う) - 1) to go (be) along with, 2) to accompany 
to-u  (とう、問う) - to ask (a question)

na-u  (なう) - to twist (straws to make a rope). Rarely used in the modern life.
nu-u  (ぬう、縫う) - to sew

ha-u  (はう) - to crawl, to creep

yo-u  (よう、酔う) - to get drunken, to get seasick, or more generally to get motion sickness


To make the above verbs (ending with -u) we add -su. Let's simply add -su.

a-u-su 
i-u-su 
o-u-su
ka-u-su
ka-u-su 
ku-u-su

ko-u-su

su-u-su
so-u-su
to-u-su

na-u-su
nu-u-su

ha-u-su

yo-u-su

Very simple and grammatically systematic. Unfortunately these are wrong. We must change the middle <-u-> to <-wa->.  The correct answers are follows with the meanings. Please also notice the change of the place of intonation (stress, pitch). <Active> means to make (let) sb/st do st or to force sb/st to do st.

a-wa-su   (あわす、1) 会わす、2) 合わす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st meet (with), 2) to make (let) sb/st match with
i-wa-su    (いわす、言わす) - to make (let) sb/st say

o-wa-su　(おわす、1) 追わす、2) 負わす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st follow, 2) to make (let) sb/st bear (be responsible for)
ka-wa-su  (かわす、飼わす） - 2) to make (let) sb/st feed (an animal)
ka-wa-su  (かわす、買わす） - 2) to make (let) sb/st buy
ku-wa-su  (くわす、食わす) - to make (let) sb/st eat (vulgar), the polite form is <ta-be-ru> (たべる、食る）.

ko-wa-su  (こわす、1) 乞わす、2) 請わす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st beg, 2 )to make (let) sb/st ask for　(*) ko-wa-su is another verb meaning <to break, to destroy>
su-wa-su  (すわす、吸わす) - to make (let) sb/st swallow, to make (let) sb/st absorb, to take (a breath)
so-wa-su  (そわす、1) 沿わす、2) 添わす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st go (be) along with, 2) to make (let) sb/st accompany 
to-wa-su(とわす、問わす) - to make (let) sb/st ask (a question)

na-wa-su  (なわす) - to make (let) sb/st twist (straws to make a rope). Rarely used in the modern life.
nu-wa-su  (ぬわす、縫わす) - to make (let) sb/st  sew

ha-wa-su  (はわす) - to make (let) sb/st crawl, to make (let) sb/st creep

yo-wa-su  (よわす、酔わす) - to make (let) sb/st get drunken, to make (let) sb/st get seasick, or more generally to make (let) sb/st get motion sickness


2.  ending <consonant + u>: - ku, -su, -tsu, -nu, -hu, -mu, -yu, -ru,

2 -1 -ku

a-ku,  ka-ku,  sa-ku,   ta-ku,   na-ku,  ha-ku,  ma-ku,  ya-ku,   ra-ku, wa-ku

i-ku,  ki-ku,   shi-ku,   chi-ku,   ni-ku,   hi-ku,   mi-ku,    (i-ku),   ri-ku, ---

u-ku,  ku-ku,  su-ku,   tsu-ku,  nu-ku,  hu-ku,  mu-ku,   yu-ku,  ru-ku, ---

e-ku,  ke-ku,   se-ku,    te-ku,    ne-ku,  he-ku,   me-ku,    ye-ku,   re-ku, ---

o-ku,  ko-ku,  so-ku,    to-ku,    no-ku,  ho-ku,  mo-ku,   yo-ku,   ro-ku, ---


a-ku (あく、飽く)　- to get tired of, to get bored (in)

a-ku (あく、1) 開く、2) 空く)  - 1) to open, 2) to become empty

i-ku (いく、行く)  - to go

u-ku (うく、浮く)  - to float

u-ku (うく、憂く)  - to worry

o-ku (おく、置く)  - to put, to place
ka-ku (かく、1) 書く、2) 掻く)  - 1) to write; 2) to scratch (in the very old days, to write by scratching on something)
ka-ku (かく、欠く)  - to be insufficient, not to suffice
ki-ku (きく、1) 聞く、2) 効く)  - 1) to listen to ;  2) to work, to show effect
ko-ku (こく)  - to ? 
sa-ku (さく、1) 裂く、2) 割く)  - 1) to split, to cut (into  pieces), 2) to divide
sa-ku (さく、咲く)  - to broom
shi-ku (しく、敷く)  - to pave, to cover over (something)
shi-ku (しく、如く)  - to exceed ( seldom used and when used it usually takes <not>)
su-ku (すく、好く)  -  to like, to favor
su-ku (すく、1) 空く、2) 透く、3) 梳く)  - 1) to become empty, 2) to be seen through 3) to xxxx
se-ku (せく、急く)  - to make haste

ta-ku (たく、炊く、焚く)  - to cook (food), to burn (fire)

tsu-ku (つく、突く、衝く)  - to push, to stick, to attack

tsu-ku (つく、1) 付く、2) 着く、3)点く、4) 搗く、5)就く)   - 1) to attach (adhere) to, 2) to arrive, 3) to switch on, 4) to pound, 5) to take (a seat, a post). <tsu-ku> is a very versatile verb.
to-ku (とく、1) 解く、2) 溶く、3)説く) - 1) to solve, 2) to dissolve, 3) to preach (to talk)
na-ku (なく、泣く、鳴く)  - to cry, to sing (a bird)
nu-ku (抜く、抜く、貫く)  - to pull out, to pass over, to get through
no-ku (のく、退く) - to retreat
ha-ku (はく、1) 掃く、2) 吐く) - 1) to sweep, 2) to vomit, to make something (such as a lie)out from the mouth
ha-ku (はく、履く) - to ware, to put on (shoes)
hi-ku (ひく、1) 引く、2) 挽く、3) 弾く、4) 轢く、5) 退く) - 1) to pull, to draw, 2) to grind (beans, etc), 3) to play(a musical instrument), 4)  run over, 5) to retreat. <hi-ku> is a very versatile verb like <tsu-ku>.
hu-ku (ふく、1) 吹く、2) 噴く、3) 葺く) - 1) to blow, 2) to explode, 3) to xxxx (a roof)
hu-ku (ふく、拭く) - to wipe with cloth
ma-ku (まく、蒔く) - to plant seeds
ma-ku (まく、巻く) - to wind up
mu-ku (むく、1) 向く、剥く) -1)  to turn (to a certain direction), 2) to peel off (peel, surface)
ya-ku (やく、焼く) - to grill, to burn
yu-ku (ゆく、行く) - to go
wa-ku (わく、沸く) - to become boiled (intransitive verb)


Like the ending -u, simply add -su first.

a-ku-su
a-ku-su 

i-ku-su

u-ku-su
u-ku-su
.
.
.

Again failed. No so simple again. We must change <-ku-> to <-ka->. The correct answer are as below with the meanings and some nores. Please also notice here the change of the place of intonation (stress, pitch). <Active> means to make (let) sb/st do st or to force sb/st to do st.

a-ka-su (あかす、飽かす)　- to make (let) sb/st get tired of, to make (let) sb/st get bored (in). However, a-ka-su (あかす、飽かす) is possible but rarely used. Instead  a-ki-sa-su (あきさす、飽きさす)、 a-ki-sa-se-ru (あきさせる、飽きさせる) are commonly used. This is because a-ku (あく、飽く) is a bit old form and the modern form is a three syllable verb a-ki-ru (あきる、飽きる)。

 a-ka-su (あかす、1) 開かす、2) 空かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st open, 2) to make (let) sb/st become empty.  However, a-ka-su (あかす、1) 開かす、2) 空かす)  is not commonly used. Instead  a-ke-ru (あける、1) 開ける、2) 空ける) is commonly used as transitive verb. a-ka-su has another meaning of (あかす、明かす) - to make st clear, to make it open (to other people), to clarify.


i-ka-su (いかす、行かす)  - to make (let) sb/st go.  i-ka-sa-su ( いかさす、行かさす) and
i-ka-sa-se-ru ( いかさせる、行かさせる) are also used. Besides i-ku (いく、行く)  - to go there is another
i-ku (いく、生く) with the intonation on i meaning - to live. The modern form is a three syllable verb i-ki-ru (いきる、生きる). The <active> form of the old form i-ku (いく、生く) is i-ka-su (いかす、生かす) - to make (let) sb/st get, which is commonly used in even now while the <active> form of the modern form i-ki-ru (いきる、生きる) is i-ki-sa-se-ru (いきさせる、生きさせる) is seldom used even now.


u-ka-su (うかす、浮かす)  - to make (let) sb/st float

u-ka-su (うかす、憂かす)  - to make (let) sb/st  worry but rarely used now.This is because u-ku (うく、憂く) is a bit old form. <u-ku (うく、憂く) - to worry > seems very common and important word but there is no modern close alternative.


o-ka-su (おかす、置かす)  - to make (let) sb/st put, to make (let) sb/st place.  o-ka-su (stressed on ka) (おかす、犯す) has another meaning - to commit (a crime).

ka-ka-su (かかす、1) 書かす、2) 掻かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st write; 2) to make (let) sb/st scratch (in the very old days, to write by scratching on something)

ka-ka-su (かかす、欠かす)  - to make (let) sb/st be insufficient, make (let) sb/st not to suffice. Usuallay used in the negative form - ka-ka-sa-na-i (かかさない、欠かさない) - to always be, to always do

ki-ka-su (きかす、1) 聞かす、2) 効かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st listen to ;  2) to make (let) sb/st work, to make (let) sb/st show effect

ko-ka-su (こかす)  - to ?

sa-ka-su (さかす、1) 裂かす、2) 割かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st split, to cut (into  pieces), 2) to make (let) sb/st divide. However, sa-ka-su (さかす、1) 裂かす、2) 割かす) is possible but not commonly used. Instead  sa-ka-sa-su (さかさす、1) 裂かさす、2) 割かさす) are more commonly used.

sa-ka-su (さかす、咲かす)  - to make (let) sb/st broom

shi-ka-su (しかす、敷かす)  - to make (let) sb/st pave, to make (let) sb/st cover over (something)

shi-ka-su (しかす、如かす)  - to make (let) sb/st exceed ( seldom used  or may not exist even in the negative form)

su-ka-su (すかす、好かす)  -  to make (let) sb/st like, to make (let) sb/st favor (seldom used  or may not exist)

su-ka-su (すかす、1) 空かす、2) 透かす、3) 梳かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st become empty, 2) to make (let) sb/st be seen through 3) to make (let) sb/st xxxx.

se-ka-su (せかす、急かす)  - to make (let) sb/st make haste

ta-ka-su (たかす、1) 炊かす、2) 焚かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st cook (food); 2) to make (let) sb/st burn (fire). ta-ka-se-ru (たかせる）is also used.

tsu-ka-su (つかす、1) 突かす、2) 衝かす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st push, to make (let) sb/st stick, 2) to make (let) sb/st attack. ta-ka-se-ru (たかせる）is also used.


tsu-ka-su (つかす、1) 付かす、2) 着かす、3)点かす、4) 搗かす、5)就かす)   - 1) to make (let) sb/st attach (adhere) to, 2) make (let) sb/st to arrive, 3) to make (let) sb/st switch on, 4) to make (let) sb/st pound, 5) to make (let) sb/st take (a seat, a post). tsu-ka-su is used as well as tsu-ka-se-ru.
 
to-ka-su (とかす、1) 解かす、2) 溶かす、3)説かす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st solve, 2) to make (let) sb/st dissolve, 3) to make (let) sb/st preach (to talk). to-ka-su in 3) to make (let) sb/st preach (to talk) is seldom used and to-ka-se-ru (とかせる、説かせる)is commonly used.

na-ka-su (なかす、泣かす、鳴かす)  - to make (let) sb/st cry, to make (let) sb/st sing (a bird). na-ka-se-ru (なかせる）is also used.

nu-ka-su (ぬかす、抜かす、抜かす、貫かす)  - to make (let) sb/st pull out, to make (let) sb/st pass over, to make (let) sb/st get through.  nu-ka-se-ru (ぬかせる) is also commonly used. But nu-ka-se-ru (ぬかせる) shows possibility as well but nu-ka-su does not.

no-ka-su (のかす、退かす) - to make (let) sb/st retreat ---> to take sb/st out, aside.

ha-ka-su (はかす、1) 掃かす、2) 吐かす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st sweep, 2) to make (let) sb/st vomit, to make something (such as a lie) out from the mouth. ha-ka-se-ru is commonly used as well.

ha-ka-su (はかす、履かす) - to make (let) sb/st ware, to make (let) sb/st  put on (shoes). ha-ka-se-ru is commonly used as well.

hi-ka-su (ひかす、1) 引かす、2) 挽かす、3) 弾かす、4) 轢かす、5) 退かす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st pull, to draw, 2) to make (let) sb/st grind (beans, etc), 3) to make (let) sb/st play(a musical instrument), 4)  run over, 5) to make (let) sb/st retreat. hi-ka-se-ru is commonly used as well.

hu-ka-su (ふかす、1) 吹かす、2) 噴かす、3) 葺かす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st blow, 3) to make (let) sb/st xxxx (a roof). 2) to blow (ふかす、2) 噴かす) is regarded same as (ふく、2) 噴く). To make it <active> verb we must change it hu-ka-sa-se-ru (ふかさせる、2) 噴かさせる).

hu-ka-su (ふかす、拭かす) - to make (let) sb/st wipe with cloth. hu-ka-sa-se-ru is also used.

ma-ka-su (まかす、蒔かす) - to make (let) sb/st plant (seeds). ma-ka-su has two other meanings
1) to win (ma-ka-su、まかす、負かす); and  to ask, rely on  (ma-ka-su、まかす、任す). For <to ask, rely on  (ma-ka-su、まかす、任す)>, ma-ka-se-ru (まかせる、任せる) is also used. ma-ka-se-ru means to <be able to win> (まかせる、負かせる).


ma-ka-su (まかす、巻かす) - to make (let) sb/st wind up but seldom used and  ma-ka-sa-se-ru (まかさせる、巻かさせる) is commonly used maybe not to confuse with ma-ka-su (まかす、負かす) to win and ma-ka-su (まかす、任す) - to ask, rely on.

mu-ka-su (むかす、1) 向かす、剥かす) -1)  to make (let) sb/st turn (to a certain direction), 2) to make (let) sb/st peel off (peel, surface). For mu-ka-su (むかす、1) 向かす) - to make (let) sb/st turn, usually mu-ka-su (むけさす、向けさす) is usually used.

 ya-ka-su (やかす、焼かす) - to make (let) sb/st grill, to make (let) sb/st burn

yu-ka-su (ゆかす、行かす) - to make (let) sb/st go. Refer to i-ka-su (いかす、行かす)

wa-ka-su (わかす、沸かす) - to make (let) sb/st boil


-gu

ka-gu (かぐ、嗅ぐ)  - to smell
ko-gu (こぐ、漕ぐ)  - to row
su-gu (すぐ、1) 直ぐ、2) 過ぐ) - 1) to make st straight ; 2) to pass
tsu-gu (つぐ、1) 告ぐ、2) 次ぐ、3) 注ぐ、4) 継ぐ、5) 接ぐ)  - 1) to tell, to inform ; 2) to pour; 3) to follow; 4) to succeed; 5) to connect
to-gu (とぐ、砥ぐ) - to sharpen
na-gu (なぐ、和ぐ、凪ぐ)  - to weaken , to calm down
nu-gu (ぬぐ、脱ぐ)  - to take off (clothes, shoes)
ha-gu (はぐ、剥ぐ)  - to peel off
ho-gu (ほぐ)  - to xxxx; to dissolve
mo-gu (もぐ)  - to pluck off

Let's do the same way as above.

ka-ga-su  (かがす、嗅がす)  - to make (let) sb/st smell

ko-ga-su (こがす、漕がす)  - to make (let) sb/st row

su-ga-su (すがす、1) 直がす、2) 過がす) - su-ga-su does not exist.
For 1) to make (let) sb/st make st straight, massugu-ni-sa-se-ru ((まっ)直ぐにさせる) is used  su-gu (すぐ、1) 直ぐ) is rarely used or an old form. The meodern is (mas)su-gu-ni-su-ru ((まっ)直ぐにする).
For 2) to make (let) sb/st pass,  su-gi-sa-se-ru (すぎさせる、過ぎさせる) or su-go-sa-se-ru (すごさせる、過ごさせる) is used as su-gu (すぐ、2) 過ぐ) is the old form. The meodern for is su-gi-ru (すぎる、過ぎる). 

tsu-ga-su (つがす、1) 告がす、2) 次がす、3) 注がす、4) 継がす、5) 接がす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st tell, to make (let) sb/st inform ; 2) to make (let) sb/st pour; 3) to make (let) sb/st follow; 4) to make (let) sb/st succeed; 5) to c make (let) sb/st onnect.
For 1) tsu-ga-su (つがす、1) 告がす) is seldom used.  tsu-ge-sa-su (つげさす、1) 告げさす) is used insteead as tsu-gu (つぐ、1) 告ぐ) is a bit old form and the modern form is tsu-ge-ru (つげる、1) 告げる).

to-ga-su (とがす、砥がす) - to make (let) sb/st sharpen
na-ga-su  (ながす、和がす、凪がす)  - to make (let) sb/st weaken , to make (let) sb/st calm down
na-ga-su for these meaning do not exist. The common meanig for na-ga-su is to make (let) sb/st flow (ながす、流す). The word for <to flow> (intransitive verb) is (ながれる、流れる).

nu-ga-su (ぬがす、脱がす)  - to make (let) sb/st take off (clothes, shoes)

ha-ga-su (はがす、剥がす)  - to make (let) sb/st peel off

ho-ga-su(ほがす)  - to make (let) sb/st xxxx; to make (let) sb/st dissolve. Very rarly heard and used.

mo-ga-su (もがす)  - to make (let) sb/st pluck off. mo-ga-su is rarely used. mo-gi-to-ra-su (もぎとらす) may be used instead as mo-gu (もぐ) is a bit old form and and the modern form is mo-gi-to-ru (もぎとる、もぎ取る).


-su

a-su,  ka-su,  sa-su,   ta-su,  na-su,  ha-su,  ma-su,  ya-su,  ra-su,  wa-su

i-su,   ki-su,   shi-su,  chi-su,  ni-su,    hi-su,    mi-su,   (i-su),   ri-su, ---

u-su,  ku-su,  su-su,    tsu-su,  nu-su,   hu-su,  mu-su,  yu-su,  ru-su, ---

e-su,  ke-su,  se-su,   te-su,    ne-su,   he-su,   me-su,   ye-su,   re-su, ---

o-su,  ko-su,  so-su,  to-su,    no-su,  ho-su,  mo-su,   yo-su,  ro-su, ---


o-su (おす、押す)  - to push
ka-su （化す、課す、嫁す）are Chinese origin.
ka-su (かす、貸す)  - to lend, to let
ki-su　(きす、帰す、期す、記す）are Chinese origin.

ke-su (けす、消す)  - to extinguish, to erase
ko-su (こす、1) 越す，2)濾す)  -  1)to cross over:; 2) to distill
shi-su (しす、死す) - Chinese origin. <shi (死)> + <su>. Refer to <shi-nu>.
na-su (なす、成す)   - to make, to achieve
no-su (のす、伸す、熨す)  - to lengthen, to flatten
hi -su (ひす、比す、秘す) 　are Chinese origin.　
hu-su (ふす、伏す)  - to crouch
ho-su (ほす、干す、乾す)  - to dry
ma-su (ます、増す)  - to increase
mu-su (むす、蒸す)  - to steam
me-su (めす、召す)   - to call sb to come, to invite (in polite form, to eat, to ware)
mo-su　(もす、模す）　Chinese origin.

mo-su (もす、燃す) - to burn

We must be careful in this group as <su> is the helping verb <su>, a part of <su-ru> (to do), having a function to change a intransitive verb to a transitive verb. So, <na-su> is not the independent two syllable verb but <na-ru> (to become)  + <su> (to make) combination and <na-su> means <to make become>.  <ka-su> is also <ka-ru> (to borrow) + <su> --> to make borrow --> to lend. <mo-su> = <mo-yu> (to burn) + <su> --> to make burn. It is a way (an easy way) to make a Chinese verb to the equivalent Japanese verb - to add <su> in old time or <su-ru> in modern time to the Chinese verb. <su> or <su-ru> is necessary because without these the verb cannot conjugate in Japanese sentences. The Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives do not conjugate at all. So if you already knows Chinese verbs you can use your Chinese verbs to make Japanese verbs with relative ease. But your Japanese  may sound more like Chinese when speaking while you may be regarded as more highly cultured when writing in this way.

Let's continue to do the same way as above.


o-sa-su (おさす、押さす)  - to make (let) sb/st push
ka-sa-su (かさす、貸す)  - to make (let) sb/st lend, to make (let) sb/st let - Seldom used.
ke-sa-su (けさす、消さす)  - to make (let) sb/st extinguish, to make (let) sb/st erase
ko-sa-su (こさす、1) 越さす，2)濾さす)  -  1)to make (let) sb/st cross over:; 2) to make (let) sb/st distill
na-sa-su (なさす、成さす)   - to make (let) sb/st make, to make (let) sb/st achieve -  Seldom used.
no-sa-su (のさす、伸さす、熨さす)  - to make (let) sb/st lengthen, to make (let) sb/st flatten -  Seldom used
hu-sa-su (ふさす、伏さす)  - to make (let) sb/st crouch -  Seldom used
ho-sa-su (ほさす、干さす、乾さす)  - to make (let) sb/st dry
ma-sa-su (まさす、増さす)  - to make (let) sb/st increase -  Seldom used
mu-sa-su (むさす、蒸さす)  - to make (let) sb/st steam -  Seldom used
me-sa-su (めさす、召さす)   - to make (let) sb/st to call sb come, to invite (in polite form, to eat, to ware) -  Seldom used
mo-sa-su(もさす、燃さす) - to make (let) sb/st burn -  Seldom used

 Since the ending <-su> has a meaning < make (let) sb/st> inherently some of the above sound strange such as

ka-sa-su (かさす、貸す)  - to make (let) sb/st lend, to make (let) sb/st let
ka-sa-su (かさす、貸す) can be used but sounds strange. <ka-su (かす、貸す)  - to lend, to let> is a transitive verb and the related intransitive verb (modern form)  is ka-ri-ru  (かりる、借りる)  - to borrow (month or thing), to rent (a house, a room) and the old form is ka-ru (かる、借りる). Because of the reciprocal relation of <to end, to let> and <to borrow, to rent > <ka-ri-ru  (かりる、借りる)  - to borrow (month or thing), to rent (a house, a room)> is more commonly used for the meaning of < to make (let) sb/st lend, to make (let) sb/st let>

ke-sa-su (けさす、消さす)  - to make (let) sb/st extinguish, to make (let) sb/st erase. ke-sa-se-ru (けさせる、消させる) is also used.

ko-sa-su (こさす、1) 越さす，2)濾さす)  -  1) to make (let) sb/st cross over; 2) to make (let) sb/st di still. ko-sa-se-ru (こさせる、1)越させる, 2)濾させる ) is also used.
ko-sa-su (stressed on su) (こさす、来さす) is totally different meaning derived from ku-ru (くる、来る). So ko-sa-su (stressed on su) (こさす、来さす) means <to make (let) sb/st come>.

na-sa-su (なさす、成さす)   - to make (let) sb/st make, to make (let) sb/st achieve
The origina <na-su (なす、成す)   - to make, to achieve> has a meaning <to make> so na-sa-su (なさす、成さす) can be used but sounds strange. But this  <to make> is not <to make (let) sb/st xxx> but simply <to make somethning>. Usually na-sa-se-ru (なさせる、成させる) is used.
no-sa-su (のさす、伸さす、熨さす)  - to make (let) sb/st lengthen, to make (let) sb/st flatten.
no-sa-su (のさす、伸さす、熨さす) itself is not so commonly used. So is not no-sa-su (のさす、伸さす、熨さす) either. If needed no-sa-se-ru (のさせる、伸させる、熨させる) will be used.

hu-sa-su (ふさす、伏さす)  - to make (let) sb/st crouch. Possible but hu-sa-se-ru (ふさせる、伏させる) is more common use.
ho-sa-su (ほさす、干さす、乾さす)  - to make (let) sb/st dry.  ho-sa-se-ru (ほさせる、干させる、乾させる) is also used.
ma-sa-su (まさす、増さす)  - to make (let) sb/st increase. Possible but ma-sa-se-ru (まさせる、増させる) is better.
mu-sa-su (むさす、蒸さす)  - to make (let) sb/st steam. Possible but mu-sa-se-ru (むさせる、蒸させる) is better.
me-sa-su (めさす、召さす)   - to make (let) sb/st to call sb come, to invite (in polite form, to eat, to ware). Rarely used. me-sa--se-ru (めさせる、召させる) or me-sa-sa-se-ru (めささせる、召ささせる) will be used.
mo-sa-su(もさす、燃さす) - to make (let) sb/st  burn. mo-sa-se-ru (もさせる、もさせる) is also used.


-zu

As we already reviwed in  ＜Playing with Japanese two syllable verbs＞

<zu> used to be used (or is used even now) as the helping verb (auxiliary verb) meaning <not> so it cannot be used as verb ending <-zu> to avoid confusion. However if you add one vowel after <zu> you can make some three syalable verbs like:

ki-zu-ku  (1) きづく、 1) 気付く；  2) きずく、築く)  － 1) to notice, 2) to build
tsu-zu-ku  or tsu-zu-ku (つづく、続く) 　－　to follow
ne-zu-ku  (ねづく、根付く) 　－ to become rooted
ha-zu-su  or ha-zu-su  (はずす、外す)　－　to set something aside
ha-zu-mu  or ha-zu-mu (はずむ、弾む)  －　to bound (up and down)
me-zu-ru  (めずる、愛ずる)  － to love, to be fond of
yu-zu-ru or yu-zu-ru (ゆずる、譲る)  － to give away


-tsu

 u-tsu (うつ、打つ)  - to hit, to beat, to strike, to flap.
ka-tsu (かつ、勝つ) - to win
ta-tsu (たつ、1) 立つ、2) 発つ、3) 経つ、4) 絶つ、5) 断つ、6) 裁つ) - 1) to stand up, to appear; 2) to leave; 3) to pass (time); 4) to end: 5) to cut; 6) to cut (cloth)
ma-tsu (まつ、待つ) - to wait
mo-tsu (もつ、1) 持つ、2) もつ)  -1)  to have , to hold; 2) to endure


To continue to do the same way as above.

 u-ta-su (うたす、打たす)  - to make (let) sb/st to hit, to beat, to strike, to flap.  u-ta-se-ru
(うたせる) is also used.

ka-ta-su (かたす、勝たす) - to make (let) sb/st to win. ka-ta-se-ru (かたせる) is also used.
ka-ta-su (かたす、片す) has another meaning - to clean up (the mess). This ka-ta-su (かたす、片す) has another form ka-ta-dsu (zu)-ke-ru (かたづける、片付ける) - to clean up (the mess).

ta-ta-su (たたす、1) 立たす、2) 発たす、3) 経たす、4) 絶たす、5) 断たす、6) 裁たす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st to stand up, to appear; 2) to make (let) sb/st to leave; 3) to make (let) sb/st to pass (time); 4) to make (let) sb/st end: 5) to make (let) sb/st cut ; 6) to make (let) sb/st cut (cloth)
<ta-ta-su (たたす、3) 経たす) 3) to make (let) sb/st to pass (time)> can be used but sounds starege and rarely used as the original  <ta-tsu (たつ、3) 経つ) - 3) to pass (time)> is an intransive verb.

 ma-ta-su (またす、待たす) - to make (let) sb/st to wait. ma-ta-se-ru (またせる) is also used.

mo-ta-su (もたす、1) 持たす、2) もたす)  -1)  to make (let) sb/st to have , to hold; 2) to make (let) sb/st to endure. mo-ta-se-ru (もたせる) is also used.


-bu

to-bu (とぶ、1) 飛ぶ、2) 跳ぶ) - 1) to fly; 2) to jump  
yo-bu (よぶ、呼ぶ) - 1) to call, 2) to invite
 
To continue to do the same way as above.

to-ba-su (とばす、1) 飛ばす、2) 跳ばす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st to fly; 2) to make (let) sb/st to jump. to-ba-se-ru (とばせる) is also used but less common and has a meaning - to be able to fly, to jump as well.
to-ba-sa-se-ru (とばさせる) is also used.

yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st to call; 2) to make (let) sb/st to invite.
yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st to call. yo-ba-sa-se-ru (よばさせる、呼ばさせる) is also used.
yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) - 2) to make (let) sb/st to invite. As <yo-bu (よぶ、呼ぶ) - 2) to invite> has already a meaning - to ask sb/st to come, <to make (let) sb/st to ask sb/st to come> is strange or does not make sense. So yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) in this sens ( 2) to make (let) sb/st to invite) does not exist. However in case <to make Mr A to ask Mr B to come> yo-ba-su (よばす、呼ばす) can be posiible.


-mu

Already dicussed at the beginning.


2 -7  -ru

a-ru,  ka-ru,  sa-ru,  ta-ru,     na-ru,  ha-ru,  ma-ru,  ya-ru, ra-ru, wa-ru

i-ru,  ki-ru,  shi-ru,  chi-ru,  ni-ru,  hi-ru,   mi-ru,  (i-ru), ri-ru, ---

u-ru,  ku-ru,  su-ru,  tsu-ru,  nu-ru,  hu-ru,  mu-ru,  yu-ru,  ru-ru, ---

e-ru,  ke-ru,  se-ru,  te-ru,     ne-ru,  he-ru,  me-ru,   ye-ru, re-ru, ---

o-ru,  ko-ru,  so-ru,  to-ru,    no-ru,  ho-ru,  mo-ru,  yo-ru, ro-ru, ---

Almost perfect combination. <-ru> ending can be called as the verb making suffix. As mentioned earlier <r> sound does not come first in the original Japanese words. Instead <ru> is devoted its function in making verbs.
<yu-ru> can be regarded as <u-ru> and <ye-re> as <e-ru> and <u-ru> and <e-ru> are closely related too. <ma-ru>, <me-ru> and <mu-ru> are not used an independent verbs but <ma-ru> and <me-ru> used commonly as quasi-helping verbs.

See below.

a-ru  (ある、在る、有る)  - to be(non human), to exist
i-ru  (いる、1) 射る、2) 鋳る、3) 煎る) - 1) to shoot; 2) to cast; 3) to xxxx
i-ru  (いる、1) 居る、2) 入る、3) 要る) - 1) to be (human); 2) to enter; 3) to need, to require
u-ru  (うる、得る)  - to obtain
u-ru  (うる、売る)  - to sell
e-ru  (える、1) 得る、2) 選る) - 1) to obtain; 2) to select
o-ru  (おる、1) 折る、2) 織る、3) 居る also　いる（i-ru)) - 1) to fold; 2) to weave; 3) to be
ka-ru  (かる、1) 刈る、2) 狩る、3) 駆る、4) 借る)  - 1) to cut with a xxxx; 2) to hunt; 3) to run; 4) to borrow
ki-ru  (きる、切る)  - to cut
ki-ru  (きる、着る)  - to put on (clothes), to wear
ku-ru  (くる、来る)  - to come
ku-ru  (くる、1) 繰る、2) 刳る)  - 1) to pull (a string); 2) to cut out a hollow (with a knife)
ke-ru  (ける、蹴る)  - to kick
ko-ru  (こる、凝る)  - to become solidified, to become soared (a part of the body)
sa-ru  (さる、去る)  - to leave
shi-ru  (しる、1) 知る、2) 痴れる)  - 1) to know; 2) to become stupid, to be stupified (2) is not a commonly used verb).
su-ru  (する、1) 刷る、摺る、2) 擦る、3) 掏る)  - 1) to print; 2) to rub; 3) to pick pocket
su-ru  (する)  - to do
se-ru  (せる、競る)  - to compete
so-ru  (そる、1) 反る、2) 剃る)  - 1) to bend; 2) to shave
ta-ru  (たる、足る)  - to suffice ( (intransitive verb)
chi-ru  (ちる、散る) - to fall, to scatter (intransitive verb)
tsu-ru  (つる、1) 釣る、2) 吊る)  - 1) to do fishing; 2) to suspend
te-ru  (てる、照る) - to shine (intransitive verb)
to-ru  (とる、1) 取る、2) 盗る、3) 採る、4) 撮る、5) 執る) - 1) to take, 2) to steal, 3) to pick up (transitive verb); 4) to take (picture); 5) to manage, to lead
na-ru  (なる、成る) - to become
na-ru  (なる、鳴る) - to ring (intransitive verb)
ni-ru  (にる、1) 似る、2) 煮る) - 1) to resemble (intransitive verb), 2) to cook
nu-ru  (ぬる、塗る)  - to paint (transitive verb)
ne-ru  (ねる、練る、煉る) - to xxxx (transitive verb)
ne-ru  (ねる、寝る) - to sleep (intransitive verb)
no-ru  (のる、乗る、載る) - to ride (intransitive verb); to xxxx
ha-ru  (はる、張る、貼る) - to atttach (transitive verb)
hi-ru  (ひる、簸る)  - to xxxx
he-ru  (へる、経る)  - to pass over (transitive verb)
he-ru  (へる、減る)  - to decrease  (intransitive verb)
ho-ru  (ほる、掘る、彫る)  - to dig; to carve  (transitive verb)
ma-ru
mi-ru  (みる、見る)  - to see (transitive verb)
mu-ru
me-ru
mo-ru  (もる、漏る)  - to leek (intransitive verb)
mo-ru  (もる、盛る)  - to pile up (transitive verb)
ya-ru  (やる、遣る)  - to send (transitive verb)
yo-ru  (よる、選る)  - to select (transitive verb)
yo-ru  (よる、寄る、拠る、因る) - to approach; to derive,  (intransitive verb)
wa-ru  (わる、割る) - to break (transitive verb)
 -----

To continue to do the same way as above.

a-ra-su  (あらす、在らす、有らす)  - to make (let) sb/st be(non human), to make (let) sb/st exist.
The original a-ru  (ある、在る、有る) is a special verb showing  - to be(non human), to exist, a-ra-su  (あらす）is seldom used except some special cases. a-ru  (ある、在る、有る) is not used for passive mode in Japanese. a-ra-su  (no stress or stressed on -su ）(あらす、荒らす) means - to make something rough, wild, not peaceful).

i-ra-su  (いらす、1) 射らす、2) 鋳らす、3) 煎らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st shoot; 2) to make (let) sb/st cast; 3) to make (let) sb/st xxxx. i-ra-se-ru  (いらせる) and i-ra-sa-se-ru  (いらさせる) are also possible.

i-ra-su (いらす、1) 居らす、2) 入らす、3) 要らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st be (human); 2) to make (let) sb/st enter; 3) to make (let) sb/st need, to require
i-ra-su for these meanings almost do not exist. i-ra-su (いらす、1) 居らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st be (human) can be used but seldom used actually. i-ra-sa-su (いらす、居らす) sounds slightly better than i-ra-su (いらす、居らす) but still not very commonly used.
i-ra-su for (いらす、2) 入らす) -  2) to make (let) sb/st enter does not exist. ha-ra-su (はいらす、2) 入（はい）らす) or ha-i-ra-se-ru (はいらせる、2) 入（はい）らせる) are used instead. The original verb  i-ru  (いる、入る) itself is a old form and the modern form is  ha-i-ru  (はいる、入（はい）る).
i-ra-su  for (いらす、3) 要らす) - 3) to make (let) sb/st need, to require does not exist either. The original verb i-ru  (いる、3) 要る) - 3) to need, to require is a bit speccial. The English translation <3) to need, to require> is not very approriate. This may be translatd as <to be needed, to be required> and  the needed or required thing is the subject not the object. So <to make (let) sb/st to be needed, to be required> slunds odd.

u-ra-su (うらす、得らす)  - to make (let) sb/st obtain.
u-ru  (うる、得る) is a old form and the modern form is e-ru  (える、得（え）る). However, e-ra-su  (えらす、得（え）らす) is not commonly used. Instead e-ra-se-ru  (えらせる、得（え）らせる) or more commonkly e-sa-se-ru  (えさせる、得（え）させる) are used.

 u-ra-su  (うらす、売らす)  - to make (let) sb/st sell

e-ra-su (えらす、1) 得らす、2) 選らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st obtain; 2) to make (let) sb/st to select
e-ra-su (えらす、1) 得らす、2) 選らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st obtain - See the above u-ra-su (うらす、得らす).
e-ra-su (えらす、2) 選らす) - 2) to make (let) sb/st select. This e-ra-su is rearely used. The original verb e-ru  (える、2) 選る) - 2) to select － is a bit old form. The modern form is e-ra-bu  (えらぶ、2) 選らぶ) - 2) to select. So e-ra-ba-su (えらばす、2) 選らばす) and e-ra-ba-se-ru (えらばせる、2) 選らばせる)  are more common.

o-ra-su (おらす、1) 折らす、2) 織らす、3) 居らす (also　いらす（i-ra-su)) - 1) to make (let) sb/st fold; 2) to make (let) sb/st weave; 3) to make (let) sb/st be.
o-ra-su  (おらす、 3) 居らす ) - 3) to make (let) sb/st be - is seldom used. See the above i-ra-su (いらす、居らす). o-ra-sa-su (おらさす、3) 居らさす) may be  better than o-ra-su (おらす、3) 居らす) but still seldome use.

ka-ra-su (からす、1) 刈らす、2) 狩らす、3) 駆らす、4) 借らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st cut with a xxxx; 2) to make (let) sb/st to hunt; 3) to make (let) sb/st run, to drive, to work; 4) to make (let) sb/st to borrow
ka-ra-su (からす、1)刈らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st cut with a xxxx. ka-ra-se-ru (からせる、1)刈らせる)、ka-ra-sa-su (からさす、1)刈らさす)、ka-ra-sa-se-ru  (からさせる、1)刈らさせる) are also used.
ka-ra-su (からす、1)狩らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st to hunt. ka-ra-se-ru (からせる、1)狩らせる)、ka-ra-sa-su (からさす、1)狩らさす)、ka-ra-sa-se-ru  (からさせる、1)狩らさせる) are also used.
ka-ra-su  (からす、3) 駆らす)  - 3) to make (let) sb/st to run, to drive, to work. The original verb of this 3) <ka-ru  (かる、駆る) -  to run, to drive, to work > has already some <active> meaning so ka-ra-su  (からす、3) 駆らす) is rarely used. Simply <ka-ru  (かる、駆る) is used.
ka-ra-su (からす,4) 借らす) - 4) to make (let) sb/st borrow.  This verb is rarely used. The original verb ka-ru (かる、4) 借る)　is a old form. The modern form is <ka-ri-ru  (かりる、借りる)  - to borrow (month or thing), to rent (a house, a room)>. The active form of <ka-ri-ru  (かりる、借りる)> is ka-ri-ra-su  (かりらす、借りらす) . But this is rarely used either. Usually ka-ri-sa-se-ru  (かりさせる、借りさせる) is used.

 ki-ra-su (きらす、切らす)  - to make (let) sb/st cut
 ki-ra-su (きらす、切らす) has another meaning - to be out of (stock), to be unavailable but a transitive verb. The intransitive form is  ki-re-ru (きらす、切らす).

ki-ra-su  (きらす、着らす)  - to make (let) sb/st put on (clothes), to wear. This can be possible or dialect somewhere or mistake. Usually ki-se-ru  (きせる、着せる) is used.  ki-sa-su  (きさす、着さす)、ki-se-sa-su  (きせさす、着せさす) can be used but not common. The original ki-ru  (きる、着る)  - to put on (clothes), to wear - is a representative of this conjugation (not ki-ra-su, but -ki-se-ru). The members of this conjigation group include:

mi-ru  (みる、見る)  - to see (transitive verb)
ni-ru  (にる、似る) - 1) to resemble (intransitive verb)

We will see these later.

ko-ra-su(*)  (こらす、来らす)  - to make (let) sb/st come. Like ki-ra-su  (きらす、着らす) this can be possible or dialect somewhere or mistake. The correct form is regarded as ko-sa-su(*)  (こさす、来さす) .

ku-ra-su  (くらす、1) 繰らす、2) 刳らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st pull (a string); 2) to make (let) sb/st to cut out a hollow (with a knife). But seldom used and the original verb ku-ru  (くる、1) 繰る、2) 刳る)  - 1) to pull (a string); 2) to cut out a hollow (with a knife) itself is not a common verb.

ke-ra-su  (けらす、蹴らす)  - to make (let) sb/st kick
ko-ra-su  (こらす、凝らす)  - to make (let) sb/st to become solidified, to make (let) sb/st become soared (a part of the body)
sa-ra-su (さらす、去らす)  - to make (let) sb/st leave
shi-ra-su (しらす、1) 知らす, 2) 痴れる)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st know; 2) to make (let) sb/st become stupid, to make (let) sb/st to be stupified
su-ra-su  (すらす、1) 刷らす、摺らす、2) 擦らす、3) 掏らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st print; 2) to make (let) sb/st rub; 3) to make (let) sb/st pick pocket

su-ra-su (*) (すらす)  - to make (let) sb/st do. The verb su-ra-su (すらす) does not exist. Simpler su-su (さす). As you have seen many times already su-su (さす) is one of the verb which has a function to change a normal verb to an <active form> followed by <-a> conjugation.

se-ra-su  (せらす、競らす)  - to make (let) sb/st compete
so-ra-su (そらす、1) 反らす、2) 剃らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st bend; 2) to make (let) sb/st shave
ta-ra-su (たらす、足らす)  - to make (let) sb/st suffice ( (intransitive verb). Seldom used. Instead ta-ra-se-ru (たらせる、足らせる) is used this is because the original verb ta-ru  (たる、足る)  - to suffice ( (intransitive verb) is an old form although used even now and the modern form is ta-ri-ru  (たりる、足りる). Or less common but ta-ri-sa-su  (たりさす、足りさす) is uses. But this ta-ri-sa-su  (たりさす、足りさす) is grammatically incorrect. The grammatically correct form is ta-ri-sa-su  (たらさす、足らさす)
ta-ra-su (stressed on -ra) (たらす、垂らす) - to make (let) sb/st hang. The original form of this is ta-re-ru (stressed on -ra) (たれる、垂れる) - to hang (intransitive verb).

chi-ra-su (ちらす、散らす) - to make (let) sb/stf all, to make (let) sb/st scatter (intransitive verb)
tsu-ra-su (つらす、1) 釣らす、2) 吊らす)  - 1) to make (let) sb/st do fishing; 2) to make (let) sb/st suspend
te-ra-su (てらす、照らす) - to make (let) sb/st shine (intransitive verb)
to-ra-su  (とらす、1) 取らす、2) 盗らす、3) 採らす、4) 撮らす、5) 執らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st take, 2) to make (let) sb/st to steal, 3) to make (let) sb/st pick up (transitive verb); 4) to make (let) sb/st  take (picture); 5) to make (let) sb/st manage, to make (let) sb/st lead

na-ra-su (ならす、成らす) - to make (let) sb/st become. This verb does not exist for this meaning. As the original verb na-ru  (なる、成る) - to become is very common verb in Japanese like the English verb "do" (the Japanese people tend to see the world as many things or rather "everything becomes" instead of doing things) it has a special "active" verb na-su (なす、成す), which is almost equivalent to "do". So in a way na-ru  (なる、成る) is "to be done".
na-ra-su (ならす、成らす) has two other meanings: 1) na-ra-su (no stress, flat or stressed on -su) (ならす、鳴らす) - see below and  
na-ra-su (stressed on -ra-) (ならす、鳴らす) - to make (let) sb/st sound as the original na-ru (なる、鳴る) - to sound (intransitive verb).

na-ra-su  (ならす、鳴らす) - to make (let) sb/st ring, sound (intransitive verb)

ni-ra-su  (no stress, flat or stressed on -su) (にらす、1) 似らす) - to make (let) ab/st resemble (intransitive verb). Possible but this verb is rarely used. ni-sa-su  (no stress, flat or stressed on -su) (にさす、 似さす）is commonly used.
  
ni-ra-su  (にらす、 煮らす) - to make (let) sb/st cook . Also ni-sa-su  (にさす、 煮さす）is commonly used.

nu-ra-su  (ぬらす、塗らす)  - to make (let) sb/st paint (transitive verb)
ne-ra-su  (ねらす、練らす、煉らす) - to make (let) sb/st xxxx (transitive verb)

ne-ra-su  (ねらす、寝らす) - to make (let) sb/st to sleep.  This can be possible or dialect somewhere or mistake. Usually ne-se-ru  (ねせる、寝せる) is used.  ne-sa-su  (ねさす、寝さす) also can be used. The original ne-ru  (ねる、寝る)  - to sleep - is a representative of this conjugation (not -ne-ra-su, but -ne-se-ru). The members of this conjugation group include:

he-ra-su  (へらす、経らす) , which we will see shortly.

no-ra-su  (のらす、1) 乗らす、2) 載らす) - 1) to make (let) sb/st ride (intransitive verb); 2) to make (let) sb/st xxxx

ha-ra-su  (はらす、張らす、貼らす) - to make (let) sb/st attach (transitive verb)
hi-ra-su  (ひらす、簸らす)  - to make (let) sb/st xxxx
he-ra-su  (へらす、経らす)  - to make (let) sb/st pass over (transitive verb). he-ra-su  (へらす、経らす) is almost never used though maybe possible. Instead he-sa-su  (へさす、経さす).

he-ra-su  (へらす、減らす)  - to make (let) sb/st decrease  (intransitive verb)
ho-ra-su  (ほらす、掘らす、彫らす)  - to make (let) sb/st dig; to make (let) sb/st carve  (transitive verb)
ma-ra-su
mi-ra-su  (みらす、見らす)  - to make (let) sb/st see (transitive verb). Possible or maybe sounds a dialect or mistake. mi-sa-su  (みさす、見さす)  - to make (let) sb/st see (transitive verb) is more correct and more commonly used. Some text book may say that the active form is mi-se-ru  (みせる、見せる). But mi-se-ru  (みせる、見せる) does not mean - to make (let) sb/st see - but to show.

mu-ra-su
me-ra-su
 
mo-ra-su  (もらす、漏らす)  - to make (let) sb/st leek
mo-ra-su  (もらす、盛らす)  - to make (let) sb/st pile up
ya-ra-su  (やらす、遣らす)  - to make (let) sb/st send
yo-ra-su  (よらす、選らす)  - to make (let) sb/st select
yo-ra-su  (よらす、寄らす、拠らす、因らす) - to make (let) sb/st approach; to make (let) sb/st derive, 
wa-ra-su  (わらす、割らす) - to make (let) sb/st break


sptt

Adjective --> Verb Conjugations

Adjective Conjugations

Japanese adjectives conjugate - to change the un-root part (which follows the root part) - and very systematically. The words change in this system are called adjective.  We do not elaborate the adjective conjugations here but only deal with Verb Conjugations - how to change an adjective to a verb - intransitive and transitive, which is also very systematic or we could say very simple.

ha-ya-i (はやい、速い、早い) -  ha-ya-ku-na-ru (速くなる、早くなる)  -  ha-ya-ku-su-ru (速くする、早くする)  - fast as well as early -  to become fast (early)  -  to make st fast (early)

A. ＜na-ru＞＜su-ru ＞pair

ha-ya-ku = adverb
na-ru (なる) intransitive verb： can be independently used and means ＜to become＞and attached to the adjective root (ha-ya) -ku from.
su-ru (する) transitive verb ： can be independently used and means ＜to do＞ but in this case ＜to make＞st adjective and attached to the adjective root (ha-ya) -ku from.
＜na-ru＞＜su-ru ＞pair can be used universally to any adjective.



ha-ya-i (はやい、速い、早い) -  ha-ya-ma-ru (速まる、早まる) (verb) -  ha-ya-me-ru (速める、早める) (verb) - fast as well as early -  to become fast (early)  -  to make st fast (early)

B. ＜ma-ru ＞＜me-ru＞pair

ha-ya = a base of an adjective ＜ha-ya-i＞
ma-ru (まる)= a intransitive verb ending. Not independently used but attached to the adjective root (fa-ya) and means ＜to become＞
me-ru (める)= a transitive verb ending. Not independently used but attached to the adjective root (fa-ya) and means ＜to make＞.
＜ma-ru ＞＜me-ru＞ forms are frequently used in Japanese to make an intransitive verb (ma-ru) and a transitive verb (me-ru) to add a base of an adjective.

o-so-i (おそい、遅い) -  o-so-ku-na-ru (遅くなる) -  o-so-ku-su-ru (遅くする) - slow as well as late -  to become slow (late)  -  to make st slow (late)
o-so-i (おそい、遅い) -  o-so-ma-ru (遅まる)  -  o-so-me-ru (遅める)  - slow as well as late -  to become slow (late)  -  to make st slow (late)
In case of the meaning of slow (not late) we have another adjective <no-ro-i> but this adjective has no ＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: no-ro-i (のろい) has some figurative meanings of slow (not bright, not smart or simply stupid) while o-so-i (おそい) does not.
no-so-i (のろい) -  o-so-ku-na-ru (のろくなる) -  o-so-ku-su-ru (のろくする) - slow  -  to become slow  -  to make st slow.

to-o-i (とおい、遠い) -  to-o-ku-na-ru (遠くなる) -  to-o-ku-su-ru (遠くする) -  ar (away) -  to become far (away) -  to make st far (away)
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  o-o-i (とおい、遠い) -  to-o-ma-ru  (遠まる) -  to-o-me-ru (遠める) - possible but rarely used
chi-ka-i (ちかい、近い) -  chi-ka-ku-na-ru (近くなる) -  chi-ka-ku-su-ru (近くなる) -  to become near(er), close(er) -  to make st near(er), close(er)
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  chi-ka-i (ちかい、近い) -  chi-ka-ma-ru (近まる) -  chi-ka-me-ru (近める) -  to become near(er), close(er) -  to make st near(er), close(er)

ya-su-i  (やすい、安い) -  ya-su-ku-na-ru (安くなる) -  ya-su-ku-su-ru (安くする)  -  cheap -  to become cheap -  to make st cheap
ta-ka-i (たかい、高い) -  ta-ka-ku-na-ru (高くなる) -  ta-ka-ku-su-ru (高くする)  -  expensive or physically high　-  to become expensive or high -  to make st expensive or high
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  ta-ka-ii (たかい、高い) -  ta-ka-ma-ru (高まる)  -  ta-ka-me-ru (高める)　-  expensive or physically high　-  to become expensive or high-  to make st expensive or high

a-tsu-i (あつい、暑い、熱い) -  a-tsu-ku-na-ru (暑くなる、熱くなる)  -  a-tsu-ku-su-ru (熱くする)
stresses on tsu -  hot  -  to become hot-  to make st hot
a-tsu-i (あつい、厚い)　(no stress on tsu) - thick
a-at-ta-ka-i (あたたかい、暖かい)- a-at-ta-ka-ku-na-ru (暖かくなる) - a-at-ta-ka-ku-su-ru ((暖かくする) -  warm  -  to become warm -  to make st warm
usually  used for weather, human body
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: a-at-ta-ka-i (あたたかい、暖かい) - a-ta-ta-ma-ru (暖（or 温）まる) - a-ta-ta-me-ru (暖（or 温）める) -  warm  -  to become warm -  to make st warm
usually used for cooking
sa-mu-i (さむい、寒い)  -  sa-mu-ku-na-ru (寒くなる) -  (sa-mu-ku-su-ru　 (寒くする), possible but rarely used)  -  cold  -  to become cold -  to make st cold
usually  used for weather, human body
sa-me-ta (さめた、冷めた) (not sa-mu-i)  -  sa-me-ru (冷める) -  sa-ma-su (冷ます) -  cold -  to become cold -  to make st cold. <sa-me-ta> is the past (participle) form of  the verb <sa-me-ru>.
usually  used for cooking
The English adjective <cold> can mean both <cold weather> and <cold food> but the Japanese have two different adjectives - sa-mu-i (さむい、寒い) and sa-me-ta (さめた、冷めた). <sa-me-ta> is the past or past perfect form of  the verve <sa-me-ru> (intransitive verb). The past or past perfect form of  the verb ＜sa-ma-su＞ (transitive verb) is <sa-ma-sa-re-ta>, which is seldom used.＜sa-mu-i＞ may have a relation with ＜sa-mi-shi-i (さみしい)＞ (sad).

o-o-ki-i (おおきい、大きい) -  o-o-ki-ku-na-ru (大きくなる)  -  o-o-ki-ku-su-ru (大きくする) -  big, large -  to become big, large -  to make st big, large.

ch-i-sa-i (ちいさい、小さい)  -  ch-i-sa-ku-na-ru (小さくなる) -  ch-i-sa-ku-su-ru (小さくする) -  little (physically)  -  to become little -  to make st little

su-ku-na-i (すくない、少ない) -   su-ku-na-ku-na-ru (少なくなる)  -  su-ku-na-ku-su-ru (少なくする)
few or little  -  to become fewer or little -  to make st fewer or little
o-o-i (おおい、多い) -   o-o-ku-na-ru (多くなる)  -  o-o-ku-su-ru (多くする)
many or very much  -  to become more or very much -  to make st more or very much

hi-ro-i (ひろい、広い)  -  hi-ro-ku-na-ru (広くなる)  -  hi-ro-ku-su-ru (広くする) -  spacious or wide -  to become spacious or wide -  to make st spacious or wide
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  hi-ro-i (ひろい、広い) -  hi-ro-ma-ru (広まる)  -  hi-ro-me-ru (広める)
<hi-ro-i> has one more adjective conjugation.
hi-ro-i (ひろい、広い) -  hi-ro-ga-ru (広がる)  -  hi-ro-ge-ru (広げる) 
se-ma-i (せまい、狭い) -  se-ma-ku-na-ru (狭くなる)  -  se-ma-ku-su-ru (狭くする) -  small in space or narrow in width -  to become small in space or narrow in width -  to make st small in space or narrow in width
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: se-ma-i  (せまい、狭い) (se-ba-shi (せばし)) -  se-ba-ma-ru (狭まる) -  se-ba-me-ru (狭める)

na-ga-i (ながい、長い) - na-ga-ku-na-ru (長くなる) -  na-ga-ku-su-ru (長くする) -  long -  to become long -  to make st long
mi-ji-ka-i (みじかい、短い) - mi-ji-ka-ku-na-ru (短くなる) -  mi-ji-ka-ku-su-ru (短くする) -  short -  to become short -  to make st short

o-mo-i (おもい、重い)  -  o-mo-ku-na-ru (重くなる)  -  o-mo-ku-su-ru (重くする) -  heavy -  to become heavy -  to make st heavy
ka-ru-i (かるい、軽い) -  ka-ru-ku-na-ru (軽くなる) -  ka-ru-ku-su-ru　(軽くする) -  light in weight -  to become light -  to make st light

a-sa-i (あさい、浅い) -  a-sa-ku-na-ru (浅くなる) -  a-sa-ku-su-ru (浅くなる) -  shallow -  to become shallow -  to make stshallow
hu-ka-i (ふかい、深い)  -  hu-ka-ku-na-ru (深くなる) -  hu-ka-ku-su-ru (深くする) -  deep -  to become deep -  to make st deep
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: hu-ka-i (ふかい、深い) -  hu-ka-ma-ru (深まる) -  hu-ka-me-ru (深める)

yo-i (よい、良い) -  yo-ku-na-ru (良くなる) -  yo-ku-su-ru  (良くする) -  good -  to become good (or better) -  to make st good (or better)
ko-no-ma-shi-i (このましい、好ましい) -  ko-no-ma-shi-ku-na-ru (好ましくなる) -  ko-no-ma-shi-ku-su-ru (好ましくする).  -  favorable -  to become favorable -  to make st favorable. ko-no-ma-shi-ku-su-ru is seldom used.
wa-ru-i (わるい、悪い) -  wa-ru-ku-na-ru (悪くなる) -  wa-ru-ku-su-ru (悪くする)  (Old word: a-shi　あし、悪し) -  bad -  to become bad (worse)  -  to make st worse
hi-do-i (ひどい) -  hi-do-ku-na-ru (ひどくなる) - hi-do-ku-su-ru (ひどくする) -  terrible -  to become  terrible -  to make st  terrible

u-to-ma-shi-i (うとましい) -  u-to-ma-shi-ku-na-ru (うとましくなる) -　u-to-ma-shi-ku-su-ru (うとましくする) -  annoying -  to become annoying -  to make st annoying

i-ya-shi-i (いやしい、卑しい) (*) -  i-ya-shi-ku-na-ru (卑しくなる)  - ( i-ya-shi-ku-su-ru - no this verb used) -  mean (spiteful) -  to become mean -  to make st mean

i-ma-i-ma-shi-i (いまいましい) -  u-to-ma-shi-ku-na-ru (いまいましくなる)  - u-to-ma-shi-ku-su-ru (いまいましくする) -  irritating -  to become irritating-  to make st irritating

i-ya-na (いやな)(*) -  i-ya-ni-na-ru (いやになる)  -　( i-ya-ni-su-ru - no this verb) -  detestable -  to become detestable -  (   )
 i-ya-na (いやな)(*) -  i-ya-ga-ru (いやがる)  -　( i-ya-ge-ru - no this verb) -  detestable - to seem detestable  -  (   )
＜i-ya-na＞ is not an adjective but an adjective-verb. We may see ＜adjective-verb --> Verb Conjugations ＞ later.

u-tsu-ku-shi-i (うつくしい、美しい) -  u-tsu-ku-shi-ku-na-ru (美しくなる) -  u-tsu-ku-shi-ku-su-ru (美しくする) -  beautiful -  to become beautiful -  to make st beautiful
ki-re-i (きれいな、綺麗な)(*) -  ki-re-i-ni-na-ru (綺麗になる)-  ki-re-i-ni-su-ru (綺麗にする) -  beautiful(pretty) -  to become beautiful (pretty)-  to make st beautiful (pretty)
＜ki-re-i ＞ is not an adjective but an adjective-verb.
ki-yo-i (きよい、清い)  - ki-yo-ku-na-ru (清くなる) -  ki-yo-ku-su-ru (清くなる) -  pure-  to become pure -  to make st pure
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  ki-yo-i (きよい、清い)  - ki-yo-ma-ru (清まる) -  ki-yo-me-ru (清める)
mi-ni-ku-i (みにくい) -  mi-ni-ku-ku-na-ru (みにくくなる) -  mi-ni-ku-ku-su-ru (みにくくする) -  ugly-  to become ugly -  to make st ugly. <mi-ni-ku-i> literally means <hard to see>
ki-ta-na-i (きたない) -  ki-ta-na-ku-na-ru (きたくなる) -  ki-ta-na-ku-su-ru (きたくする) -  dirty-  to become dirty -  to make st dirty
<na-i> of <ki-ta-na-i> means <not>, the megative adjective.

tsu-yo-i (つよい、強い) -   tsu-yo-ku-na-ru (強くなる)  -  tsu-yo-ku-su-ru (強くする) -  strong-  to become  strong -  to make st strong
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: tsu-yo-i (つよい、強い) -  htsu-yo-ma-ru (強まる) - tsu-yo-me-ru (強める)
<tsu-yo-i> has one more adjective conjugation.
tsu-yo-i (つよい、強い) -  tsu-yo-ga-ru (強がる)  -  (tsu-yo-ge-ru no this verb used)
yo-wa-i (よわい、弱い) -   yo-wa-ku-na-ru (弱くなる)  -  yo-wa-ku-su-ru (弱くする) -  weak-  to become weak -  to make st weak
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  yo-wa-i (よわい、弱い) -  yo-wa-ma-ru (弱まる)  -  yo-wa-me-ru (弱める)

ka-ta-i (かたい、硬い)  -   ka-ta-ku-na-ru (硬くなる) -  ka-ta-ku-su-ru ((硬くなる) -  hard-  to become hard -  to make st hard
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms:  ka-ta-i ((かたい、固い) -  ka-ta-ma-ru (固まる) - ka-ta-me-ru (固める)
ya-wa-ra-ka-i (やわらかい、柔らかい) -   ya-wa-ra-ka-ku-na-ru (柔らかくなる)  -  ya-wa-ra-ka-ku-su-ru (柔らかくする) -  soft-  to become soft -  to make st soft

hu-ru-i (ふるい、古い) -  hu-ru-ku-na-ru (古くなる)  -  hu-ru-ku-su-ru (古くする) -  old-  to become old -  to make st old
a-ta-ra-shi-i (あたらしい、新しい) -   a-ta-ra-shi-ku-na-ru (新しくなる) -  a-ta-ra-shi-ku-su-ru (新しくする)
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: (a-ra-ta-na (あらたな、新たな) -  a-ra-ta-ma-ru (あらたまる)  -  a-ra-ta-me-ru (あらためる)  (Old word: a-ra-ta-mu (verb) -  new-  to become new -  to make st new

ki-tsu-i (きつい) -   ki-tsu-ku-na-ru (きつくなる)  -  ki-tsu-ku-su-ru (きつくする) -  tightened (tightening) (hard, mentally) -  to become  tightened -  to make st tightened
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: (ki-tsu-i (きつい) -  ki-tsu-ma-ru (きつまる)  -  ki-tsu-me-ru (きつめる)
yu-ru-i (ゆるい) -   yu-ru-ku-na-ru (ゆるくなる) -  yu-ru-ku-su-ru (ゆるくする) -  relaxed -  to become relaxed -  to make st relaxed
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: （yu-ru-i (ゆるい) -  yu-ru-ma-ru　(ゆるまる)  -  yu-ru-me-ru　(ゆるめる)

su-ru-do-i (するどい、鋭い)  -   su-ru-do-ku-na-ru (鋭くなる) -  su-ru-do-ku-su-ru (鋭くする) - acute   - to become acute   - to make st acute
ni-bu-i  (にぶい、鈍い) -   ni-bu-ku-na-ru (鈍くなる) (ni-bu-ru (鈍る)) -  ni-bu-ku-su-ru (鈍くする) - dumn   - to become dumn   - to make st dumn

a-ra-i (あらい、粗い) -   a-ra-ku-na-ru (粗くなる) -  a-ra-ku-su-ru (粗くする) - rough  - to become rough - to make st rough
ko-ma-ka-i (こまかい、細かい)  -  ko-ma-ka-ku-na-ru (細かくなる)  -  ko-ma-ka-ku-su-ru (細かくする) - fine  - to become fine - to make st fine
(na-me-ra-ka-na (なめらかな、滑らかな) -   na-me-ra-ka-ni-na-ru (滑らかになる)  -  na-me-ra-ka-ni-su-ru (滑らかにする) - smooth - to become smooth - to make st smooth

ko-i (こい、濃い) -   ko-ku-na-ru (濃くなる) -  ko-ku-su-ru　(濃くする) - dense  - to become denth - to make stdenth
a-tsu-i (あつい、厚い) -  a-tsu-ku-na-ru (厚くなる)  -  a-tsu-ku-su-ru  (厚くする) - thick  - to become thick - to make st thick
u-su-i (うすい、薄い) -  u-su-ku-na-ru (薄くなる) -  u-su-ku-su-ru  (薄くする) - thin  - to become thin - to make st thin
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: u-su-i ((うすい、薄い) -  u-su-ma-ru (薄まる)  -  u-su-me-ru (薄める) - thin (mostly liquid) - to become thin - to make st thin

ma-ru-i (まるい、丸い) -   ma-ru-ku-na-ru (丸くなる) -  ma-ru-ku-su-ru (丸くする)- round - to become round - to make st round 
＜ma-ru＞＜meru＞ forms: ma-ru-i (まるい、丸い) -   ma-ru-ma-ru (丸まる) -  ma-ru-me-ru (丸める)
ka-do-ka-do shi-i (かどかどしい) -  ka-do-ka-do shi-ku-na-ru (かどかどしくなる) -  ka-do-ka-do shi-ru ((かどかどしくする)　－－＞ka-do-ba-ru (かどばる、角張る）?
shi-ka-ku-i  (しかくい、四角い)　-  shi-ka-ku-ku-na-ru (四角くなる) -  shi-ka-ku-ku-su-ru (四角くする) - of square - to become square - to make st square

ka-na-shi-i (かなしい、悲しい) -   ka-na-shi-ku-na-ru (悲しくなる) -  ka-na-shi-ku-su-ru (悲しくする)-  ka-na-shi-ku-sa-se-ru (悲しくさせる)　　 - sad - to become sad - to make oneself sad -- to make sb sad

ta-no-shi-i (たのしい) -   ta-no-shi-ku-na-ru (たのしくなる) -  ta-no-shi-ku-su-ru (たのしくする) - -ta-no-shi-ku-sa-se-ru (たのしくさせる) - happy (delighted) - to become happy - to make oneself happy -  - to make sb happy
u-re-shi-i (うれしい) -   u-re-shi-ku-na-ru (うれしくなる)  -  u-re-shi-ku-su-ru (うれしくする)- seldom used) - happy (delighted) - to become happy - to make sb/oneself happy

ka-shi-ko-i (かしこい、賢い) -  ka-shi-ko-ku-na-ru (賢くなる) -  ka-shi-ko-ku-su-ru (賢くする) - bright (clever)   - to become  bright - to make oneself  bright

o-ro-ka-na (おろかな、愚かな) -  o-ro-ka-ni-na-ru (愚かになる) -　(o-ro-ka-ni-su-ru (愚かにする) - stupid  - to become stupid  - to regard/treat sb as stupid
ba-ka-na (ばかな) -  ba-ka-ni-na-ru (ばかになる) - ba-ka--ni-su-ru (ばかにする) - stupid  - to become stupid  - to regard/treat sb as stupid
＜o-ro-ka-na＞,＜ba-ka-na＞ are not adjectives but adjective-verbs.

ta-da-shi-i (ただしい、正しい) -  ta-da-shi-ku-na-ru (正しくなる)  -  ta-da-shi-ku-su-ru (正しくする) - right (righteous)  - to become right   - to make oneself right. ta-da-su (ただす、正す) means to correct st/sb.

i-so-ga-shi-i (いそがしい、忙しい) -  i-so-ga-shi-ku-na-ru (忙しくなる)-  i-so-ga-shi-ku-su-ru (忙しくする) - busy  - to become busy  - to make oneself busy
hi-ma-na (ひまな、暇な) -  hi-ma-ni-na-ru (暇になる) -  hi-ma-ni-su-ru (暇にする) (seldom used)　 - not busy (nothing to do)  - to become not busy  - to make oneself not busy


i-sa-ma-shi-i (いさましい、勇ましい) -  i-sa-ma-ku-na-ru (勇ましくなる)  -  i-sa-ma-ku-su-ru (勇ましくする) - courageous  - to become courageous  - to make oneself courageous
i-sa-gi-yoi-i (いさぎよい) -  i-sa-gi-yo-ku-na-ru (いさぎよくなる) - seldom used) -  i-sa-gi-yo-ku-su-ru (いさぎよくする) - selfless  - to become  selfless  - to make oneself  selfless

 i-sa-gi-yoi-i (いさぎよい) is not exactly same as "selfless". May be more like courageous (brave) without considering oneself

o-ku-byo-na (おくびょうな、臆病な) (Chinese origin) -  o-ku-byo-ni-na-ru (おくびょうになる)  -　( o-ku-byo-ni-su-ru (おくびょうにする) - no this verb) -  timid -  to become timid -  (   )
hi-kyo-na (ひきょうな、卑怯な)  (Chinese origin) -  hi-kyo-ni-na-ru (ひきょうになる)  -　(hi-kyo-ni-su-ru (ひきょうにする) - no this verb) -  shrewd -  to become shrewd -  (   )

These (o-ku-byo-na, hi-kyo-na) not adjectives but an adjective-verbs. We may see ＜adjective-verb --> Verb Conjugations ＞ later.


u-ma i (うまい)  -  u-ma-ku-na-ru (うまくなる)  -  u-ma-ku-su-ru (うまくする)  ("skillful" as an adjective, "well" as an adverb)
he-ta-na (へたな)(*)  -  he-ta-ni-na-ru (へたになる) -  he-ta-ni-su-ru (へたにする) ("not skillful" as an adjective, "not well" as an adverb)
<he-ta-na>  is not an adjective but an adjective-verb.
ma-zu-i (まずい) -  ma-zu-ku-na-ru (まずくなる)  -  ma-zu-ku-su-ru (まずくする) ("bad in a way of doing" as an adjective, "badly" as an adverb)
<ma-zu-i (まずい)> means also <not tasty>.  (see below)

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o-i-shi-i (おいしい)  -  o-i-shi-ku-na-ru (おいしくなる) -  o-i-shi-ku-su-ru (おいしくする)
u-ma i (うまい)  -  u-ma-ku-na-ru (うまくなる)  -  u-ma-ku-su-ru (うまくする)  ("tasty" as an adjective)
ma-zu-i (まずい) -  ma-zu-ku-na-ru (まずくなる)  -  ma-zu-ku-su-ru (まずくする) (" not tasty" as an adjective)

a-ma-i (あまい、甘い) -  a-ma-ku-na-ru (甘くなる) - a-ma-ku-su-ru (甘くする)　-  sweet
ka-ra-i (からい、辛い) -  ka-ra-ku-na-ru (辛くなる)  - ka-ra-ku-su-ru (辛くなる)　-  hot, spicy
sup-pa-i (すっぱい、酸っぱい) -  sup-pa-ku-na-ru (酸っぱくなる) - sup-pa-ku-su-ru (酸っぱくなる)　  -  sour
shop-pa-i (しょっぱい) -  shop-pa-ku-na-ru (しょっぱくなる)  - shop-pa-ku-su-ru (しょっぱくする)  -  salty
shi-o-ka-ra-i (しおからい、塩辛い) -  shi-o-ka-ra-ku-na-ru (塩辛くなる)  - shi-o-ka-ra-ku-su-ru (塩辛くする)　－  salty
ni-ga-i (にがい、苦い) -  ni-ga--ku-na-ru (苦くなる) -  ni-ga-ku-su-ru(苦くする)　- bitter
shi-bu-i (しぶい、渋い) -  (shi-bu-ku-na-ru (渋くなる) - shi-bu-ku-su-ru　(渋くする)　-　adjective of  "tannin" taste
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i-ta-i  (いたい、痛い) -  i-ta-ku-na-ru (痛くなる) - i-ta-ku-su-ru (痛くする)　(usually oneself) - painful (mostly physically)
i-ta-ma-shi-i (いたましい、痛ましい) - i-ta-ma-shi-ku-na-ru (痛ましくなる) - i-ta-ma-shi-ku-su-ru (痛ましくする) - painful (mentally)

da-ru-i (だるい) -  da-ru-ku-na-ru (だるくなる)  -  (da-ru-ku-su-ru (だるくする) - seldom used) - tired, to feel not physically active