Friday, August 17, 2012

Plural forms of Native Japanese

We once discussed "no equivalent Japanese word for the definite article <the>" before. There is another difficulty you will face when you translate English plural forms to Japanese or vice versa. Precisely speaking there is no equivalent Japanese words for English noun plural forms and adjective plural forms which are found in some other languages.

There is no difference in the forms of a noun between one peach and two or more peaches in Japanese.

one peach -  もも(momo)
two or more peaches  -  もも(momo)

There is a peach (on the table)  -  ももがある(momo ga aru)
 There are some peaches (on the table).  -   ももがある(momo ga aru)

Only when you are interested in a number of peaches in the second sentence you can say  ももが<いくつか>ある(momo ga <ikutsuka>aru).

Some people may say we can show plural by using Japanese noun +  Japanese plural form or ending word or suffix like たち(tachi), ども(domo), ら(la or ra). But these are not equivalent plural forms to English plural forms which are made - generally by adding <-s> or <-es> after a noun. The Japanese たち(tachi), ども(domo), ら(la or ra) do not show purely or simply more than two but show a group or the group members of the noun and usually humans and some animals only not for non-living things.

So if we say  ももたちがある(momo tachi ga aru), ももどもがある(momo domo ga aru), ももある(momo la (or ra) ga aru) these are very strange Japanese.

The above explains why the following are almost the same - no difference, single or plural.

とも (tomo)  -  ともだち (tomo dachi) = both mean either a friend or friends
こ (ko)  -  こども (ko domo)  = both mean either a child or children.

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