Days of Native Japanese

As shown in the last post " " the modern form of the months in Japanese uses the numbers of the Chinese origin while the days  in Japanese use Native Japanese up to 10th, 20th and 30th or more precisely the final day of the month.

We already encountered up to 10 in ＜Mystery of Native Japanese 1, 2, 3 .....＞

The numbers of Native Japanese

1.  ひとつ　 hi-to-tsu
2.  ふたつ　hu-ta-tsu 
3.  みっつ    mit-tsu  
4.  よっつ　 yot-tsu 
5.  いつつ　 i-tsu-tsu
6.  むっつ　 mut-tsu 
7.  ななつ　 nana-tsu
8.  やっつ　 yat-tsu
9.  ここのつ　kokono-tsu
10. とお　　tō

The days of the month - 1st to 10th. Some modification made in pronunciation but generally the number + ka.

1st day -  tsuitachi - exception
This comes from "tsuki-tachi" meaning "the month starts" (literally "tsuki" is moon and "tachi" means the noun form of "tatsu" (to stand).

2nd day - hu-tsu-ka
3rd day - mi-kka
4th day - yo-kka
5th day - itsu-ka
6th day - mui-ka
7th day - nano-ka
8th day - yō-ka
9th day - kokono-ka
10th day - tō-ka

From 11th, Chinese origin numbers are used followed. "nichi" meaning "day", which sounds like Native Japanese. "nichi" is however Chinese origin.

11th day - ju-ichi nichi
12th day - ju-ni nichi
13th day - ju-san nichi
14h day - ju-yokka (not ju-shi nichi). This is an exception. "yokka" is Japanese origin (4th day).
15th day - ju-go nichi
16th day - ju-roku nichi
17th day - ju-shichi (or na-na)  nichi   - "na-na" is Native Japanese
18th day - ju-hachi nichi
19th day - ju-ku nichi
20th day - ni-ju-ichi nichi
 or
20h day - hatsu-ka  - "hatsu" may be related with "hutatsu" of "huta"

21st day - ni-ju-ichi nichi
22nd day - ni-ju-ni nichi
23rd day -ni-ju-san nichi
24h day - ni-ju-yokka
25th day - ni-ju-go nichi
26th day - ni-ju-roku nichi
27th day - ni-ju-shichi (or na-na)  nichi
28th day - juni-ju-hachi nichi
29th day - juni-ju-ku nichi
30th day - san-ju-nichi
31st day - juni-ju-ochi nichi

30th - miso-ka

"miso" can be divided to "mi-so"and "mi' is the first part of ":mit-tsu" and "so" is another word meaning ten in addition on "to". "ji" is unknown bur may mean "age". "mi-so-ji" is used for the age 30 and "yo-so-ji" for age of 40, and so on up to the age 90. See below (age)

 Life of the ancient Japanese was not so long, say 50 years old was already very old.

＜age＞

age 20 - hata-chi (related with "hatsu ka" (20th day) and "huta-tsu" (two)
age 30 - mi-so-ji
age 40 - yo-so-ji
age 50 - i-so-ji (not i-tsu-so-ji)
age 60 - mu-so-ji
age 70 - nana-so-ji
age 80 - ya-so-ji
age 90 - koko-so-ji

Some people say "ji" and "chi" of "hata-chi" are the same origin so "ji" is Japanese origin although it sounds like Chinese origin.
 Life of the ancient Japanese was not so long, say age 50 was already very old so "i-so-ji", "mu-so-ji" ..... are supposed to be used rarely so are they now.


Back to the days of the month,

30th was the end of the moth in the lunar calendar. "misoka" does not mean 30th day now but means the end of the month even 31st or 28th (29th) of February. And the end of the year of 31st December is called "oo-misoka" or "big end of the month".


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